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Sermon

 
The Ten Commandments
The Eighth Commandment:
The Nerve of Stealing
Exodus 20:1-17
by Pastor Mary Naegeli

 

June 10, 2001
First Presbyterian Church Concord, California

 

 

About a year and a half ago, an article appeared in Northgate High School's student-run newspaper, an article that was so appalling it required a response. Written by Anonymous, it was the account of a first adventure of going to the mall for the express purpose of shoplifting. In excruciating detail, the method she used to extract Tommy Hilfiger sweatshirts-which cost a lot of money in this person's estimation-was detailed. No remorse was expressed. The writer talked about the thrill and the adrenaline rush of going to the mall and stealing. She talked about sharing it with her friends and making plans to go the following week. This outrageous piece appeared in the school newspaper!

I wrote a letter which was published in the next issue, and a faculty member called to thank me for articulating a protest. The outrage and disgust that article generated, not only in me but in fellow students and in faculty at Northgate, offered a teachable moment.  It certainly highlighted the need for renewal of respect for God's authority in the matter of stealing. Stealing is a national pastime, not only here but around the world, and it's time for us to know for sure what the Word of God says about it.

The interesting thing about stealing is that there is a converse truth to affirm at this point. Ever since the Garden of Eden-remember it always starts in the garden-human beings have been given ownership and dominion. You'll recall at the end of Genesis 1, God said to Adam and Eve, "Be fruitful and multiply. Here I give you everything I have created for you to use. I created it because you need it. Now use it. You have dominion over it." And that was the moment when human beings came into possession of what they needed to live.

The Scriptures say, "The earth is the Lord's and everything in it." By virtue of God's creation, everything around us is in fact God's. But by that declaration in the garden of Eden, God said, "What I have is yours. Use it well. Make sure that everyone has enough. This is your charge." God entrusted life's necessities to humanity for us to own and to use to sustain life.

The commandment "You shall not steal" points to this foundational truth, that it is legitimate for individual people to own things. In fact, it is every human being's right to own what they need. This to me is an important fact. There are many interesting movements around the world and through history suggesting individuals may not own anything.  The idea that the group has ownership is the central thesis of socialism and communism. While I'm not preaching capitalism, you understand, the notion that an individual person does not have ownership rights is not a particularly biblical idea.

During a person's lifetime, it takes time to cultivate the important concept of sharing and of giving. But the first step in understanding our obligation to share and to give springs out of a clear appreciation of what ownership is about. It is difficult to teach little children about sharing and giving until they first understand that there are one or two items that are actually theirs; those unique items that do not have to be shared unless they personally give permission. As an example from our family, the girls latched on to blankets. They were called their "ba-bas." They were never asked to share their own ba-ba with anyone else. It was truly theirs.

I remember when Katy was two, and her babysitter had a terrible cold and had stretched out on the couch.  Katy, who at age two never parted with her blanket, toddled over to Stephanie and gave her the blanket for comfort. Now that was a true gift, because she truly owned her blanket. And she truly gave it away that day.

With most children, it's not usually a very smooth transition from ownership to sharing. A little child either has the concept of ownership, in which they own everything, or they are completely helpless and lacking any sense of their own "stuff."

Have you heard of the toddler property laws? This might help you understand my point. The toddler property laws go like this:

  1. If I like it, it's mine. 

  2. If it's in my hand, it's mine. 
  3. If I can take it from you, it's mine. 
  4. If I had it a little while ago, it's mine. 
  5. If it's mine, it must never appear to be yours in any way. 
  6. If I'm doing or building something, all the pieces are mine, and 
  7. If it looks just like mine, it's mine.

Unfortunately, some adults have never grown out of the toddler property laws, and that's why we have the problem of stealing. It's a battle, parents, worth fighting, to help your children understand that it is wrong to take something that does not belong to you.

That lesson first hit home to me at age five, when somehow I left my neighbor friend's home with one of her necklaces. I was playing with it in my house and it broke, which called attention to it. My mother looked at it and said, "Where did you get that?" and the truth came out that I had taken it from my neighbor.  Mom took me in hand and marched me next door, where I had to return something I took, and admit it was broken. That made an indelible impression upon me. It was the last time anything like that happened.

So what is the Eight Commandment actually command? As we have noted in past weeks, there is a prohibition, and there is an exhortation. On the negative side, it tells us not to take those things that are owned by someone else. Someone has a legitimate right to own what they own, and it is not my right to steal it.

Taking people is prohibited by this commandment also. So kidnapping is prohibited. Slavery is wrong, because people belong to God first, and then to covenant relationships as children, as parents, or as spouses. So taking people is against this commandment.

Taking ideas and the fruit of creative labor in the form of plagiarism and copying materials that are not yours to copy are included in this commandment. So for instance forbidden by this commandment is the stealing of other people's ideas for your own benefit: pirating computer software-I know I'm meddling now-or copying a CD.

About ten years ago, I produced a CD that cost a lot of money to orchestrate, record, and reproduce.  A breathless woman came to me at Christmas one year and said, "I had the most fabulous idea for Christmas presents this year. I bought your CD and I made ten copies of it to give to my friends for Christmas." That is stealing.

Other applications: cheating on taxes, misrepresenting your income, copying someone else's term paper is stealing. Cheating your company of time, supplies, phone use, and such things as that, is stealing and prohibited.

Now if ownership of property is something God has given as a right, then we have to think about what the Law of Love requires in obedience to this commandment. The Law of Love requires us to cultivate an attitude of giving and generosity as opposed to taking, hoarding and keeping.

Obedience to this commandment puts a halt to hoarding at the expense of others who have little or nothing. This is why Christians over the millennia have been interested in helping the poor. If I have way more than my share, I am morally obligated by this commandment to share it with you, not just out of my excess, but dictated by your need. If I have what you need, this commandment exhorts me to provide it.

So here are some examples. Village Enterprise Fund, a Christian mission that is based here in the Bay Area, creates jobs in third world countries through grants that allow a group of five entrepreneurs to begin a small cottage business. Micro-enterprises, large and small, are sponsored by World Vision out of the Christian conviction that every person maintains his dignity by having a job that actually supports one's life. These jobs are nothing fancy, but these grants are the catalyst for a group of five people who then can build a business that will sustain as many as 35 people.

Habitat for Humanity, out of Christian conviction, believes that every person deserves decent and affordable housing and so generates an incredible movement, not only in Concord, where we've got a project on Ellis Street, but all over the country.  Communities provide the elbow-grease, the sweat equity, the labor it takes to provide good, clean, decent housing for individuals who need a home. Would you agree that every person needs a place to live? It's like a fundamental basic human dignity issue.

In a more controversial vein, perhaps you read in the last year or so the stories from Zimbabwe, a southern African country, in which a major land redistribution is taking place. After Rhodesia became majority-ruled Zimbabwe, laws were set in motion to transfer property from a very few whites to the huge majority of blacks.  A law was enacted to make this an orderly and gradual process in which 90% of the population (blacks) would acquire a modest amount of farmland, land that had been their ancestors' at the time of English colonization. Even the whites we talked to knew this was the right and moral thing to do.  The process has been truncated because greedy people have gotten sticky hands messed up the orderly transfer of land ownership. But the concept behind it is right, that the people have lived there for generations and hundreds of years deserve to have a piece of land somewhere. In Zimbabwe, especially where agriculture is the main means of support, land is essential. The conscience behind that movement was very much encouraged and fueled by the church, as a matter of moral expression and obedience to the Lord's command.

Now I've just touched on different sorts of issues to give you the scope of the commandment, but what I'd like to do is get us back into the Bible and look at the story of one person whose life was changed from a life of thievery to a life of real exciting change, and that's the story of Zacchaeus in Luke 19.

Zacchaeus was a character children hear about often, and we love to imagine.  Zacchaeus was a person who was not well-liked. Starting in verse one of Chapter 19, let's read together what happened to Zacchaeus. "Jesus entered Jericho and was passing through. A man was there by the name of Zacchaeus. He was a chief tax collector and was wealthy."

Zacchaeus represented the Romans and extracted exorbitant taxes that had made him rich at the expense of the ordinary people of Jericho. He could charge whatever he could get away with. Rome charged a certain amount per head, and he charged certainly that much. But nothing regulated him. He could charge as much more as he wanted if he could get it, and he did. And he became a wealthy man. These men were despised in the Jewish culture as traitors. The people hated them because they were ripping them off.

So, "He wanted to see who Jesus was, but being a short man he could not, because of the crowd. So he ran ahead and climbed a sycamore fig tree to see him, since Jesus was coming that way. When Jesus reached the spot, he looked up and said to him, 'Hey Zacchaeus, come on down. I must stay at your house today.' So Zacchaeus came down from the tree and welcomed him gladly."

Now something has happened already in Zacchaeus' heart and mind. He decided he wanted to seek after the Lord Jesus, and he wanted to welcome him into his home. And that's the beginning of a change for you and for me if stealing in the really overt or the subtle ways is a part of our life today. Jesus cares about what you do with yours and other people's belongings; seeking after him and welcoming him into this area of our lives is a first step.

If Jesus comes into the center of your life, he's going to change the way you think things through, because look what happens to Zacchaeus. "All the people saw that Zacchaeus welcomed Jesus to his home and began to mutter, 'Oh. He has gone to be the guest of a sinner.'" Outrageous!

"But Zacchaeus stood up and said to the Lord, 'Look, Lord. Here and now, I give half of my possessions to the poor. And if I have cheated anybody out of anything, [and the snickers begin around the town] I will pay back four times the amount.'"

The second step of  Zacchaeus' change was restitution, giving back what he owed. He first gave up his right to rip people off, and then he gave back what he had stolen. The Old Testament law required you-if you had taken something that wasn't yours-to return it plus a minimum of 20 percent, and a maximum of four times, the value of what was stolen, depending on the circumstances. In this case, Zacchaeus went way beyond what the law required. First he gave half of his assets away. There isn't anywhere that says you have to do that. And second then, to anyone specifically he had cheated, he promised four times, which was the maximum restitution, the maximum penalty. He would promise to refund, rebate. Talk about a tax credit! Jesus said to him, "Today salvation has come to this house, because this man too is a son of Abraham. For the Son of Man came to seek and to save what was lost." That's what happened to Zacchaeus.

Now what would happen to you if you made it right today? Do you owe someone a payment? Do you need to return something you permanently borrowed? Do you need to report some income? Do you need to revise a customs declaration? Do you need to report your financial status more accurately? Do you need to destroy unauthorized CDs or videotapes? Do you need to release for the Lord's use some of the excess you have been hoarding? Do you need to give ten percent of your income to the Lord? If the answer to any of these questions is yes, please do it, joyfully participating in God's desire that things would have their proper place in our lives, and that things would make it to the proper hands to those who need them. That is the law of the Eighth Commandment, and it is the law of love. Let us follow it together, shall we?

Would you stand as we rehearse together the eighth commandment from the Study Catechism.

Q - What is the eighth commandment?

A - The eighth commandment is, "You shall not steal."

Q - What do you learn from this commandment?

A - God forbids all theft and robbery, including schemes, tricks, or systems that unjustly take what belongs to someone else. God requires me not to be driven greed, not to misuse or waste the gifts I have been given, and not to distrust the promise that God will supply my needs.

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